DIGITALISATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION-ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACED BY STUDENTS
In the present era of the twenty-first century, each person is addicted to the latest technology. This digitalisation is playing a very significant role in the life of every person, especially for youth. As all of us know that every coin has two aspects; similarly, there are many advantages of the latest technology but some disadvantages. The positive side of digitalisation can make students’ lives, but the negative side of technology can ruin the future in a bad manner. When students use the technology for their study purpose, it provides many advantages to the students by providing a wide versatile knowledge area. But students have to face many challenges due to the drawbacks of digitalisation. Different kinds of issues in this field affect students’ study life or say career life. Now the question arises: what are the main issues and challenges that the students face in their education, as well as the measures that can be adopted to avoid those challenges.
1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW
Jadhav (2011) showed that how the technology has changed overall dimensions of education field due to its advancements. To conduct the study different kinds of data such as primary and secondary have been collected from various kinds of sources. Kamble ( 2013) showed that what kinds of classrooms will be generated in future time period by using the latest technology as well as in which way traditional education will be replaced by the modern education system. Olalere et al. (2013) described the digitalization concept, features and the challenges which are faced by media in Nigeria. Nerurkar (2014) analyzed that there exist several challenges in on line marketing associated to both consumer and company. Companies make different kinds of frauds by fake advertisements and exploiting the customers. Singh (2014) reviewed that how the technology provide benefits to the retail sector by labour saving and management of all the works in an organized way using technological equipments. Gupta and Arora (2015) highlighted the positive impacts of digitization on Indian economy as well as mentioned that how the lives of rural Indian people impacted by digitalization. Khan et al. (2015) highlighted that digitalization offer advanced opportunities for the preservation as well as provide wide access to the knowledgeable contents. Kumar (2015) highlighted the problems of retail sector which occur due to the modernization of retailing services. During the study it has been observed that poor people and uneducated people suffering from various challenges due to the use of technology in retail sector because they can’t adopt the new system of retailing due to the lack of knowledge and financial issues. Nigam et al. (2015) presented that importance of digital world in different kinds of stream. During the study it has been defined that how digitalization is playing a significant role in IT sector, education sector and research field. Jha and Shenoy (2016) described that how the traditional education system has changed step by step due to the latest technology and what kinds of efforts have been made by the institutions to maintain the technological environment. Midha (2016) presented the challenges which the Indian people have to face to use the technology as well as suggested the measures to solve such kinds of issues. Priyadarsini & Vijayaratnam (2016) presented the nine pillars of digital India and described that how the life styles of Indian villagers have been changed due to advancement in such stream. Gulati (2016) highlighted those challenges which occur during the successful implementation of digitalization and offer the variety of remedies to solve such issues. Shamim (2016) described the concept of Digital India and the initiatives which are taken by the Indian government to promote digital pillars. Soni & Pandey (2016) highlighted the role of digitalization in e-marketing. In the study it has been mentioned that how the customers are enjoying marketing servicers just by some clicks on their cell phones and how technology has upgraded such kinds of marketing facilities for the buyer and seller both. Anthony & Golden (2017) highlighted the impacts of digitalization on banking sector. The study has been carried out in different area of Haryana and the results of the study showed that due to the advantages of digitalization. Services and growth of digital banking cannot be avoided. Feibert, D. C. et al. (2017) described the role of technology in the shipping services. During the study it was founded that digitalization is playing a very significant role in the shipping services. Ignat (2017) showed the impact of digitalization at the global level and described that how many changes have taken place in the global market due to the advanced technology. Kaul and Mathur (2017) analyzed those challenges which take place during the successful implementation of digitalization and how financial issues take place during the technological up gradation. Maiti and Kayal (2017) presented the impacts of digitalization on Indian services sector and MSME sector by including positive impacts, challenges and remedies. Narual & Rana (2017) highlighted that in what ways India is trying to be one of the leading country in the world of digitalization and what strategies have been adopted by Indian government to promote the digitalization. Neumeier (2017) presented that digitalization is presenting its positive role not even in a single sector but in each and every sector of today’s’ economy and highlighted different kinds of advantages of digitalization in current scenario. Parviainen et al. (2017) expressed that how the digitalization challenges can be tackled and what are the ways to use the opportunities of such field. Sheokand and Gupta (2017) highlighted the impacts of digital India campaign and its effects on Indian economy. Shivasankaran (2017) discussed that how the digital marketing has changed buying behavior of youngsters in current situation. Now youth compare the different kinds of items by using their internet services after that they explore and at the end they purchase the items. Singh (2017) described the impacts of digitalization on small and medium enterprises situated in India. The study concluded small and medium enterprises are enjoying high rate of productivity and profitability due to the positive impacts of digitalization. Valverde (2017) described that how the financial stability have effected due to the digitalization as well as what changes have taken place in banking stream due to the technological advancements. Giri and Paria (2018) highlighted that what impacts have been made by the digitalization upon rural economy and banking system of rural areas. The study concluded that, digital banking changed the overall scenario of banking sector by providing several kinds of facilities. Gobble (2018) highlighted that there exist a lot of challenges in the digitalization world and all these challenges should be solve out to generate innovation in this area. Hema & Suma (2018) defined that what kinds of challenges have to be faced by the Indian government to make the India digital and mainly what kinds of the hurdles have to be face by the people of rural areas during digital payments. The study has been carried out in the area of Hyderabad by including 183 respondents. The study founded digital payments became the transactions process very easy and time saving but instead of these things rural people are still facing various problems. Neeraj (2018) highlighted the role of digitalization in human resource management and described the importance of digitalization in managing human capital at the workplace. Kumar et al. (2018) mentioned the role of technology in retail sector. For the data purpose secondary type of data have been gathered by using different kinds of articles, newspapers, magazines, journals, blogs and reports etc. analyzed data presented that in the retail sector technology has created very fruitful results for buyer and seller. Pawadi (2018) described that how the technology has changed the working of banking sector and how much it is useful for bankers. During the study it has been analyzed that technology reduced the burden of workers due to easy access of data, as now customers can use the banking facilities by staying their home also. Sujata (2018) highlighted the role of digitalization in banking sector. During the study it has been founded that digitalization is considered as boom in the banking sector due to its results. Kumar (2019) presented the impacts of digitalization trends on Indian economy on the basis of previous literature. Matt et al. (2019) described that how the digitalization provide helps to the researchers to position the work, define synergies as well as similarities with other. Rachinger et al. (2019) presented that whilst digitalization has gain importance in the present scenario, but instead a lot of new things various issues happen in such field. Rastogi (2019) analyzed the views of faculty members of educational institutions and founded that in this technological era, education is worth less without ICT knowledge. Shallu et al. (2019) presented the impacts of digitalization on Indian economy, society and environment as well as mentioned the challenges faced by the Indian government to solve out the issues related to technological up gradation. Nadkarni & Prugl (2020) described that what kinds of opportunities exist in the digitalization world and what kinds of steps can be initiated to exploit that opportunities. Komala et al. (2020) highlighted the role of ICT in higher education as well as described that what kinds of challenges have to be faced by the higher authority of institutions during the implementation and installation of technological equipments.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- What are the main issues and challenges faced by the students in the digital education system?
- What are the required strategies to deal with issues and challenges faced by the students in the digital education system?
1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
- To identify the main issues and challenges faced by the students in the digital education system.
- To analyze the required strategies to deal with issues and challenges faced by the students in the digital education system.
1.5 ROLE OF DIGITALISATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Digitalisation performs a very substantial role in the education system. The following aspects highlight the contribution of digitalisation in the educational stream:
- In the traditional education system, students have to face a lack of resources in the classroom. But due to the latest technology, a huge amount of teaching resources are available for the students in the classroom.
- The digitalised classroom provides more effective and fruitful teaching to the students.
- Students get better engagement opportunities in high tech classes.
- Technology-driven education environment facilitates the students’ interactive charts, pictures, videos and audios etc., which provide help in better learning and remembering.
- Use of technology in education, save the time of faculty to conduct different kinds of educational activities and make them bewitching and prepossessing.
- At the authority level, digitalisation help to the authority to save a large amount of data related to students’ such as fees, attendance, results etc.
1.6 DIFFICULTIES FACED BY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
To built the technological educational system, intuitions have to fulfil a large variety of requirements which includes:
- Development of sustainable as well as sufficient funding model
- Creation of efficient staffing model.
- Proper contribution of institutional leadership
- Energetic and operational support of faculty members.
- To provide the proper training to operators
- Engage the whole institution community
- Set alignment with the strategies of the institution
Based on the aspects mentioned above, it is clear that educational institutions have to make different adjustments to provide the digitalised environment to students and spend a large number of financial sources.
1.7 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACED BY STUDENTS
Students have to face many challenges due to the digitalisation which cover:
1.7.1 Adoption of technology
To learn as well as to adopt new technology is a complicated task. It becomes challenging for the students to learn many minute things about the technology for their study purpose. In general, people resist the changes, so it becomes challenging for organisations to force the students and their families to make aware of the benefits of technology in education.
1.7.2 Lack of Motivation
Students feel a lack of motivation due to digitalised learning. As machine do not motivate the students for their study and to get success. Due to the lack of a motivational word, students fell disappointed and do not like to learn only from the technological world. As students feel enthusiastic when teachers guide them or motivate them, this is a big reason that students avoid high tech learning.
1.7.3 Maintenance of Self Disciple
Digitalised study demands self-discipline on students’ behalf, but it becomes complicated to maintain the classroom discipline in the absence of a teacher. Because all the students do not show seriousness towards the study perspective and disturb the class’s environment by making noise, etc. Due to which all the students have to tolerate the noisy classroom and disturbance in their study.
1.7.4 Lack of Interaction with Teacher
The physical appearance of the teacher plays a very significant role in the classroom. As teacher solve the choirs of the students and make efforts to learn the concepts by students quickly. The teacher uses his voice and the density of volume affect the mind of the learner. The learner understands the things rapidly and in a short period, when he listens to the words from the mouth of a teacher, irrespective of a machine. So based on this fact, it is considered that teacher learning is more fruitful than machine learning.
1.7.5 Lack of Accessibility
To maintain a proper digitalised environment for the study, sometimes become a complicated task for the students. As some students who belong to village areas, do not get a good internet connection and due to this lack of connectivity, they face many hurdles during the study time. To attend the online classes, demand high bandwidth, but it becomes impossible for the rural area students.
1.7.6 Security Issues Faced by the Students
Students have to face a different kind of security issues also. As some learning sites demand the email address and primary biodata from the students, use the application and misuse that data for another kind of purpose. Some areas require a large amount of money to access the application, and after the payment, students find out that the app was a fraud. Such kinds of websites misguide the students and exploit them in financial terms.
1.8 STRATEGIES TO DEAL WITH THE ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
1.8.1 Adaptability
Technology offers many advantages to the students in their study life. So students should not focus on the negative aspects of digitalisation and pay attention to its benefits. Students should adopt the technology as per the time requirement and try to create a positive change in society by concentrating on its beneficial aspects.
1.8.2 Maintenance of Proper Infrastructure
Educational institutions should set up high tech infrastructure to provide the digitalisation educations to the students. So that students can learn from the technology in continuity without any network issues.
1.8.3 Pay Attention towards Security Issues
Students must consider the security issues and should not share their private details on social sites. As such kind of mistakes creates a massive amount of problems in the future period. Students should avoid social connectivity and focus on study material.
1.8.4 Provide Proper Training to the Staff
Educational institutions should provide proper training to the faculty members to operate the technology-related projects. If the teacher will get the right knowledge and accurately run the gadgets, they can only guide the students for their operation.
1.9 CONCLUSION
Digitalisation plays a very outstanding role in the life of a student. Students should focus on the positive aspects of the digitalisation by avoiding its harmful sites. Students have to face different kinds of technological educational issues, but every new thing creates hurdles, and the results of limitations always come positively. If we consider the advantages of digitalisation, then we find that it is a boon for society and by its proper utilisation, a bright future of the students can be built, but for the whole society. Classroom learning and online learning, in a combination, is the best way to produce better results than both separately. Digitalisation is playing a significant role not even in a single sector but in every area of daily life. Today a person can survive without his necessities but cannot live without using the technology. In simple words, the young generation has become addicted to technological gadgets. Addiction to anything is not right, so human being should correctly use the technology. Human-made the technology, so we should not be addicted to gadgets; otherwise, one day will come when there will be a saying that technology made humans. So by adopting the positive side of digitalisation, humans should use it a reasonable manner.
1.10 IMPLICATIONS OF STUDY
The study will offer guidance to the educational institutions as based on mentioned data, academic institutions can easily access students’ views and know that what kinds of the difficulties have to be faced by the students due to the lack of digital services. On the other side, various measures have also been mentioned in the study, by accessing or implementing such standard a range of hurdles can be avoided by the faculty members and the higher authority of education institutions.
REFERENCES
Bollag, B., Overland, M.A. 2001. Developing Countries Turn to Distance Education. Chronicle of Higher Education. 47(40), pp A29-22.
Broadbent, B. 2000. Anyone, Anywhere, Anytime. OH & S Canada. 16(8), pp 50-52.
Bruckman, A. 2002. The Future of E-Learning Communities. Communications of the ACM. 45(4), pp 60- 63.
Burn, J., Thongprasert, N. 2005. A Culture-Based Model For Strategic Implementation of Virtual Education Delivery. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology. 1(1), pp 32-52.
Feibert, D. C. et al. (2017). An Integrated Process and Digitalization Perspective on the Shipping Supply Chain- A Literature Review. IEEE Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management IEEE. Pp 1-6
Globe, M. 2018. Digitalisation, Digitization and Innovation. Research Technology Management. 61(4), pp 56-59.
Goswami, H. 2016. Opportunities and Challenges of Digital India Programme. International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]. 2(11).
Gulati, M. 2016. Digital India: Challenges & Opportunities. International Journal of Management, Information. 10(4), pp 1-4.
Gupta et al. 2016. Issues, Trends & Challenges of Digital Education: An Empowering Innovative Classroom Model for Learning. International Jouranl of Science Technology and Management. 5(5):22-34.
Gupta, N. and Arora, K. 2015. Digital India: A Roadmap for the Development of Rural India. International Journal of Business Management. 2(2), pp 1333-1342.
Jadha, V. 2011. ICT and Teacher Education. International Educational E-Journal. 1(1), pp 64 – 69.
Jha, N. and Shenoy, V. 2016. Digitisation of Indian Education Process: A Hope or Hype. IOSR Journal of Business and Management. 18(10), pp 131 – 139.
Jiang, M., and Ting, E. 2000. A Study of Factors Influencing Students’ Perceived Learning in a Web- Based Course Environment. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications 6(4), pp 317-338.
Ignat, V. (2017). Digitalisation and the Global Technology Trends. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 227(1), pp 1-5.
Kamble, A. D. 2013. Digital Classroom: The Future of the Current Generation. International Journal of Education and Psychological Research. 2(2), pp 41 – 45.
Kaul, M. and Mathur, P. 2017. Impact of Digitalization on the Indian Economy and Requirement of Financial Literacy. Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Innovations in Engineering and Technology. pp 100-105.
Komala, R. et al. 2020. ICT in Higher Education: Its implementation and Challenges. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education. 10(4), pp 55-57.
Khan et al. 2015. Digitalisation and its Impact on Economy. International Journal of Digital Library Services. 5(2), pp 138-149.
Kumar, R. (2015). Online Retail in India – A Disruptive Force. Samvad. 9(1), pp 45-48.
Kumar, R. 2019. Impact of Digitalization on Economy in India: Review of Literature. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology. 4(5), pp 8-10.
Kumar, S. et al. 2018. Proliferation of Digitalization in Retail Sector- A Review in Indian Context. Review of Business and Technology Research. 15(1), pp 40-45.
Maiti, M. and Kayal, P. 2017. Digitisation: Its Impact on Economic Development & Trade ‘With Special Reference To Services and MSME Sector of India. Asian Economic and Financial Review. 7(6), pp 541-549.
Mason, R., Weller, M. 2000. Factors Affecting Students’ Satisfaction on a Web Course. Australian Journal of Educational Technology. 16(2), pp 173-200.
Matt, C. et al. 2019. The Digitalization of the Individual: Conceptual Foundations and Opportunites for Research. Electronic Markets. 29(1), pp 315-322.
Midha, R. 2016. Digital India: Barriers & Remedies. International Conference on Recent Innovations in Sciences, Management, Education and Technology. 256-261.
Nadkarni, S. and Prugl, R., 2020. Digital Transformation: A Review, Synthesis and Opportunities for Future Research. Management Review Quarterly. 20(1), pp 1-109.
Narual, T. and Rana, S. 2017. Digitalisation in India. International Journal of Emerging Technologies. 8(1), pp298-303.
Neeraj 2018. Role of Digitalization in Human Resource Management. International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research. 5(1), pp 284-288.
Nerurkar, A. 2014. Online Marketing – Challenges In Future. International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature. 2(4), pp 183-188.
Neumeier, A. et al. 2017. The Manifold Fruits of Digitalization- Determining the Literal Value Behind. Proceedings Der 13. Pp 484-498.
Nigam, A. et al 2015. Digitising Education: A Cost Benefit Analysis. Asian Journal of Information Science and Technology. 5(1), pp 1 – 5.
Olalere, A.Q. et al. 2013. The Challenges of Digitization on the Broadcasting Media in Nigeria. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review. 3(5), pp 88-98.
Parviainen, P. et al. 2017. Tackling the Digitalization Challenge: How to Benefit From Digitalization in Practice. International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management. 5(1), pp 63-77.
Paria, I. and Giri, A. 2018. A Literature Review on Impact of Digitalization on Indian Rural Banking System and Rural Economy. Research Review International Journal of Multidisciplinary. 5(2), PP 56-62.
Patel, J. M. 2017. Web Based Tools Of Technology In Future Teaching Learning Strategies. International Education & Research Journal. 3(1), pp 25-30.
Pawadi, A. B. 2018. Digitalisation in Banking Sector. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development. 1(1), pp 45-47.
Priyadarsini, K. and Vijayaratnam, N. 2016. Digitalisation of India: Smart Villages towards Smart India. International Journal of Innovative Research in Information Security. 9(3), pp 33-37.
Rachinger, M. et al. 2019. Digitalisation and its Influence on Business Model. Journal of Manufacturing Technology. 30(8), pp 1143-1160.
Rahul, A. 2017. An Overview of Digitalization in Indian Banking Sector. Indo – Iranian Journal of Scientific Research (IIJSR). 3(1), PP 45-53.
Rajesh, M. 2003. A Study of The Problems Associated With ICT Adaptability In Developing Countries In The Context Of Distance Education. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE. 4(2), pp 1-10.
Rastogi, H. 2019. Digitalisation of Education in India. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews. 6(1), pp 160-167.
Shallu et al. 2019. Digitalisation in India: An Innovative Concept. International Journal of Engineering Development and Research. 7(1), 452-456.
Shamim, 2016. Digital India – Scope, Impact and Challenges. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering. 12(3), pp 90-93.
Sheokand, K. and Gupta, N.2017. Digital India Programme and Impact of Digitalisation on Indian Economy. Indian Journal of Economics and Development. 5(5), pp1-13.
Shivasankaran, S. 2017. Digital Marketing and Its Impact on Buying Behavior of Youth, International Journal of Research in Management & Business Studies. 4(3), pp 35-39.
Singh 2014. A Review of Impact of Information Technology in Retail Sector. International Journal of Management Research & Review. 4(11), pp 1047-1055.
Singh, P. 2017. Impact of Digitalization on Small and Medium Enterprises in India. Paripex-Indian Journal of Research. 6(4), 468-469.
Soni, V. and Pandey, B. 2016. Impact of Digitalization in E-Marketing. International Journal for Innovation Research in Science & Technology. 3(5), pp 120-123.
Sujata, M. 2018. Digitalisation in Banking Sector. . 5(3), pp 333-337.
Suma K. and Hema, K. 2018. A Study on Digital Payments in India with Perspective of Consumer’s Adoption. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics. 4(4), pp 34-44.
Valverde, S. 2017. The Impact on Digitalization on Banking and Financial Stability. Journal of Financial Management, Markets and Institutions. 6(4), PP 64-72.